Study Rosh Hashanah folio 2A with parallel Hebrew-English text, traditional commentary, and modern study tools. Free access to Babylonian Talmud online.
Mishnah: They are 4 days in the year that serve as the New Year, each for a different purpose: On the 1st of Nisan is the New Year for kings; it is from this date that the years of a king’s rule are counted. And the 1st of Nisan is also the New Year for the order of the Festivals, as it determin
On the 1st of Elul is the New Year for animal tithes; all the animals born prior to that date belong to the previous tithe year and are tithed as a single unit, whereas those born after that date belong to the next tithe year. R' Elazar and R' Shimon say: The New Year for animal tithes is on the 1
On the 1st of Tishrei is the New Year for counting years, as will be explained in the Talmud; for calculating Sabbatical Years and Jubilee Years, i.e., from the 1st of Tishrei there is a biblical prohibition to work the land during these years; for planting, for determining the years of orla, the
On the 1st of Shevat is the New Year for the tree; the fruit of a tree that was formed prior to that date belong to the previous tithe year and cannot be tithed together with fruit that was formed after that date; this ruling is in accordance with the statement of Beit Shammai. But Beit Hillel say
Talmud: The New Year for kings; with regard to what halakha is it mentioned in the Mishnah? Why is it necessary to set a specific date to count the years of a king’s rule, rather than counting them from the day that he ascends to the throne? Rav Ḥisda said: It is for determining the validity of do